Fiqh-Based Social Transformation in Farmer Empowerment: A Participatory Action Research Approach

Muhyar Fanani,1* Florian Pohl2

1 Walisongo State Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia
2 Oxford College of Emory University, Georgia, United States
* Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2024.622.305-335

Abstract


A key challenge in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) is its practical application to socio-ecological issues, such as sustainable agriculture and poverty alleviation. While Mas’udi’s Fikih Transformatif (Transformative Fiqh) offers a critical-emancipatory framework, it remains understudied, with some scholars questioning its feasibility. This study bridges that gap by examining three key questions: (1) What theological principles underpin transformative fiqh? (2) How can it be operationalized to empower farmers? and (3) How does it inform eco-farming practices? Applying a law and society approach alongside a year-long Participatory Action Research (PAR) study, this research engaged Indonesian farmers in implementing transformative fiqh through three mechanisms: (1) Quranic and Sunnah-based agrarian ethics; (2) the operationalization of maṣlaḥah (public benefit) via a transition to sustainable agroecological methods; and (3) farmer-led action plans for equitable resource management. Findings suggest that transformative fiqh, deeply rooted in Islamic theology, can structurally empower farmers while fostering eco-farming. This study offers a practical model for integrating faith-based values into participatory development.

[Tantangan utama dalam fikih kontemporer adalah bagaimana menerapkannya pada isu-isu sosial-ekologis, seperti pertanian berkelanjutan dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Untuk itu, Masdar F. Mas’udi menawarkan Fikih Transformatif dengan kerangka kerja emansipatoris-kritis, namun tawaran tersebut masih kurang diteliti, bahkan ada yang mempertanyakan kelayakannya. Tulisan ini mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan melihat tiga isu utama: (1) prinsip teologis yang mendasari fikih transformatif, (2) operasionalisasi fikih transformatif untuk pemberdayaan petani, dan (3) penerapan fikih transformatif pada pertanian ramah lingkungan. Dengan pendekatan hukum dan masyarakat dalam bentuk Penelitian Aksi Partisipatif (PAR) selama setahun, penelitian ini melibatkan petani dalam menerapkan fiqh transformatif melalui tiga Langkah pokok: (1) internalisasi etika agraria berbasis al-Qur’an dan Sunnah; (2) operasionalisasi maṣlaḥah berbasis maqasid al-syari‘ah melalui transisi ke metode agroekologi berkelanjutan; dan (3) rencana aksi mandiri untuk pengelolaan sumber daya yang adil. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fiqih transformatif, yang berakar kuat dalam teologi Islam, dapat memberdayakan petani secara struktural sekaligus mendorong pertanian ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menawarkan model praktis untuk mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai berbasis agama ke dalam pembangunan partisipatif.]


Keywords


transformative fiqh, farmer empowerment, eco-farming

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