Tafsir Hikayati as A Resistance Hermeneutics: Hikayat Prang Sabi’s Contribution to Holy War Literature and Quranic Studies

Fadhli Fadhli,1* Moch Nur Ichwan,2 M. Machasin3

1 Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University (UIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University (UIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3 Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University (UIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
* Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2024.621.19-64

Abstract


This article will elaborate on the model of interpreting the Quran in Hikayat Prang Sabi. Guided by the text by Teungku Chiek Pante Kulu, the author analyses the data by Hans Georg Gadamer’s ideas about “Preunderstanding”, “Fusion of Horizons”, and “Historical Consciousness”. This research shows that Hikayat Prang Sabi has introduced a unique model of interpreting the Quran by adopting hikayat instruments in Acehnese culture. The author identifies this interpretation model in this research with Tafsir Hikayati. Tafsir Hikayati has contributed to constructing the Acehnese’s resistance to Dutch colonialism by bringing together two very influential spirits in Acehnese society: religion and culture. Through Tafsir Hikayati, Teungku Chiek Pante Kulu constructs a “Resistance Hermeneutics” by interpreting Islamic religious texts (the Quran) using the Acehnese cultural language (hikayat). Combining these two spirits has helped the Acehnese people accept and capture the message of resistance conveyed by Hikayat Prang Sabi so that it succeeded in awakening the spirit of ideological struggle against Dutch colonialism.
[Artikel ini mengelaborasi model penafsiran Al-Quran dalam Hikayat Prang Sabi. Dengan berpedoman pada teks karya Teungku Chiek Pante Kulu, penulis menginterpretasi data dengan meminjam gagasan Hans Georg Gadamer tentang “Pra-Pemahaman”, “Perpaduan Horizon (cakrawala)”, dan “Kesadaran (keterpengaruhan) sejarah”. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Hikayat Prang Sabi telah memperkenalkan model penafsiran Al-Quran yang khas dengan mengadopsi intrumen hikayat dalam kebudayaan Aceh. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengidentifikasi model penafsiran tersebut dengan istilah Tafsir Hikayati. Tafsir Hikayati telah berkontribusi dalam mengkontruksi perlawanan orang Aceh terhadap kolonialisme Belanda dengan mempertemukan dua spirit yang sangat berpengaruh dalam masyarakat Aceh: agama dan budaya. Melalui Tafsir Hikayati, Teungku Chiek Pante Kulu mengonstruksi tafsir perlawanan (resistance hermeneutics) dengan melakukan interpretasi teks keagamaan Islam (Al-Quran) menggunakan bahasa kebudayaan (hikayat) yang berkembang di Aceh. Perpaduan dua spirit tersebut telah membantu orang Aceh dalam menerima dan menangkap pesan perlawanan yang disampaikan oleh Hikayat Prang Sabi sehingga berhasil membangkitkan semangat perjuangan ideologis dalam melawan penjajahan Belanda.]


Keywords


Aceh; Hikayat Prang Sabi; Holy War; Resistance Hermeneutics; Tafsir Hikayati

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, Imran T., “Hikayat Perang Sabi Satu Bentuk Karya Sastra Perlawanan”, Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar pada Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2008.

Abdullah, Imran T., “Ulama dan Hikayat Perang Sabil dalam Perang Belanda di Aceh”, Humaniora, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/696.

Aboe Bakar et al., Kamus Aceh Indonesia, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1985.

Alfian, Ibrahim, “Aceh and the Holy War (Prang Sabil)”, in Verandah of Violence, ed. by Anthony Reid, Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2006.

Alfian, Ibrahim, “The Aceh Sultanate under Sultan Mohammad Daud Syah and the Dutch War”, in Profiles of Malay Culture: Historiography, Religion and Politics, ed. by S. Kartodirdjo, Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture, 1976.

Alfian, Ibrahim, Perang di jalan Allah: Perang Aceh, 1873-1912, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1987.

Alfian, Ibrahim, Sastra Perang: Sebuah Pembicaraan Mengenai Hikayat Perang Sabil, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1992.

Alfian, Ibrahim, Wajah Rakyat Aceh dalam Lintasan Sejarah, Banda Aceh: Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Aceh, 1999.

Amer Latif, Qur’anic Narrative and Sufi Hermeneutics: Rumı’s Interpretations of Pharaoh’s Character, Ph.D. Thesis, Stony Brook University, 2009.

Boullata, Issa J., Al-Quran yang Menakjubkan, Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2008.

Carmejoole, P.J., Atjeh, Groningen-Den Haag-Batavia: Uitgevers-Maatschappij N.V, 1931.

Damsté, H.T., “Hikajat Prang Sabi”, in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, vol. 84, 1928, pp. 545–609, https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90001499.

Daud, Bukhari and Mark Durie, Kamus Basa Acèh = Kamus Bahasa Aceh: Acehnese-Indonesian-English Thesaurus, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics-Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, 1999, https://doi.org/10.15144/PL-C151.

Al-Dhahabi, Muḥammad Ḥusain, al-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn, Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1989.

Edelman, Murray, “Contestable Categories and Public Opinion”, Political Communication, vol. 10, no. 3, 1993, pp. 231–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962981.

Fadhli, “Tafsir Hikayati dan Perjuangan Suci di Aceh: Studi Atas Hikayat Prang Sabi”, Master Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2021.

Gallop, Annabel Teh, “Malay Manuscript Art: The British Library Collection”, The British Library Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, 1991.

Hadi, Amirul, “Exploring Acehnese Understandings of Jihad: A Study of the Hikayat Prang Sabi”, in Mapping the Acehnese Past, 2011, pp. 183–97, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004253599_010.

Harun, Mohd, Pengantar Sastra Aceh, Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis, 2012.

Harun, Mohd, “Karakteristik Pantun Aceh”, Lingua: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching, vol. 12, no. 1, 2015, pp. 39–58, https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v12i1.70.

Hasjmy, Ali, Apa Sebab Rakyat Aceh Sanggup Berperang Puluhan Tahun Melawan Agressi Belanda, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1977.

Hasjmy, Ali, Kebudayaan Aceh dalam Sejarah, Jakarta: Beuna, 1983.

Hurgronje, Snouck, De Achehers, 1906.

Hurgronje, Snouck, The Achehnese, vol. II, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1906.

Jacub, Ismail, Teungku Tjhik di Tiro: Hidup dan Perjuangannya, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1960.

Jassin, H.B., Al-Quran Al-Karim Bacaan Mulia, 3rd ed., Jakarta: Djambatan, 1991.

Jongejans, J., Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en NU, Hollandia Drukkerij N.V. Baarn, 1938.

Jusuf, Mahjiddin, Al-Quran Al-Karim dan Terjemahan Bebas Bersajak dalam Bahasa Aceh, Banda Aceh: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Islam (P3KI) Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Aceh, 1995.

Kessler, C. S., “Review of The Rope of God, by J. T. Siegel”, Man, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 343–344, https://doi.org/10.2307/2799708.

Al-Khuli, Amin, Manāhij al-Tajdīd fi al-Naḥw wa al-Balāghah wa al-Tafsīr wa al-Ādāb, Cairo: Dar al-Maʻarif, 1976.

Kloos, David, “A Crazy State : Violence, Psychiatry, and Colonialism in Aceh, Indonesia ca. 1910-1942”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, vol. 170, no. 1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17001003.

Kulu, Teungku Chiek Pante, Hikayat Prang Sabi, ed. by Abdullah Arif, Kutaradja: Penerbit & Pustaka Darussalam.

Morris, Eric Eugene, “Aceh: Social Revolution and the Islamic Vision”, in Regional Dynamics of Indonesian Revolution: Unity from Diversity, ed. by Audrey R. Kahin, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Morris, Eric Eugene, Islam and Politics in Aceh: A Study of Center-periphery Relations in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University, 1983.

Revolusi Desember ’45 di Aceh, Pemerintah R.I. Daerah Atjeh.

Rippin, Andrew, Muslim, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices: The Contemporary Period, 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge, 1993.

Said, Mohammad, Aceh Sepanjang Abad, Medan: Waspada Medan, 1981.

Shahrur, Muhammad, Al-Kitab wa al-Qurʼān : Qirāʼah Muʻāṣirah, Damaskus: al-Ahali.

Shāthi’, Aishah ʻAbdurraḥman Bintu, Al-Tafsīr al-Bayīni li al-Qurʼān al-Karīm, Cairo: Dār al-Maʻarif.

Siegel, J. T., Shadow and Sound: The Historical Thought of a Sumatran People, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Tiro, Hasan Muhammad, Atjeh Bak Mata Donja, New York: Institute Atjeh di Amerika, 1968.

Veer, Paul Van’t, Perang Aceh: Kisah Kegagalan Snouck Hurgronje, Jakarta: Grafiti Press, 1985.

Wieringa, Edwin P., “Islam and Paradise are Sheltered under the Shade of Swords: Phallocentric Fantasies of Paradise in Nineteenth-Century Acehnese War Propaganda and their Lasting Legacy”, in Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, vol. 1, ed. by Sebastian Günther and Todd Lawson, Leiden: Brill, 2017, pp. 1143–86, https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004190016.i-406.70.

Wieringa, Edwin P., “The Dream of the King and the Holy War Against the Dutch: The Kôteubah of the Acehnese Epic, Hikayat Prang Gômpeuni”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 61, no. 2, 1998, pp. 299–308 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00013823.

Zayd, Nasr Hamid Abu, Mafhūm al-Naṣ: Dirāsah fi ʻUlūm al-Qurʼān, Beirut: Markaz al-Thaqāfah al-ʻAraby, 1998.

Zentgraaff, H.C., Aceh, Jakarta: Depdikbud, 1982.




Copyright (c) 2024 Fadhli Fadhli

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.